Cryptography is a fundamental branch of cybersecurity that focuses on protecting information from unauthorized access, modification, and misuse. It uses mathematical techniques and algorithms to transform readable data, known as plaintext, into an unreadable form called ciphertext through encryption,while decryption converts it back into its original form using an appropriate key. The major concepts of cryptography include symmetric-key cryptography, asymmetric-key cryptography, hashing, digital signatures, and key management, which together provide important security properties such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. In this talk, an overview of these fundamental concepts will be presented.
